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全面解读GB/T 25000.51标准的符合性评价要求(上)

GB/T 25000.51《系统与软件工程系统与软件质量要求和评价(SQuaRE) 第51部分:就绪可用软件产品(RUSP)的质量要求和测试细则》是软件测试的重要依据,也是软件测试实验室进行软件测评CNAS认证一定会用的一部标准。前面的文章中我们为大家整体介绍了GB/T 25000.51标准的结构、涵盖的内容、针对软件产品的八大质量特性如何开展测试以及测试文档集的整体要求、对测试计划、测试说明、测试结果的要求,本文我们继续来解读GB/T 25000.51标准中,关于符合性评价有哪些要求。

 

符合性评价就是按照产品质量来对其性能和工作原理做出符合适用性操作规程的科学合理性评价,包括产品的原理和作用性能等参数,对产品来说非常重要,也是我们软件评测实验室需要重点了解的一块知识,有关符合性评价的内容也比较多,本文我们先一起来看一下符合性评价的细则、符合性评价的先决条件、符合性评价活动、符合性评价过程和软件符合性评价要求。在(下)部分的文章中会继续为大家介绍符合性评价报告和测试后续符合性评价。

 

首先我们先来看符合性评价的一般原则。

软件测试CNAS

7.1 ---进行GB/T25000.51-2016标准符合性评价时应遵守的基本原则:

(1) 符合性评价内容包括:

评价软件产品说明与标准5.1节产品说明要求的符合性;

评价软件产品用户文档与标准5.2节用户文档集要求的符合性;

评价所交付软件功能与标准5.3节软件质量要求的符合性。

(2) 符合性评价采用的技术和工具:

标准中未限定评估时所应使用的技术和工具,可根据项目的实际情况采用测试、确认、验证、评审、分析等技术或工具进行评价。

(3) 实施符合性评价的组织可以是:

进行认证工作的第三方测试实验室,或者供方内部独立于软件开发的测试实验室。

 

符合性评价的先决条件

软件测试CNAS 

7.2.1 ---已存在软件项

在进行符合性评价前,已获得:

(1) 用户文档集中所有的用户文档。当用户文档集中所包含的用户文档为多于一个时,通常在用户文档集中以清单、列表等形式列出,在进行评价前应获得文档清单列出的所有用户文档。

(2) 产品说明中所标识出的所有需求文档。这些文档包括供方声称符合的法律或行政机构规定的文件。

7.2.2---已存在的系统元素

产品说明中所提及的全部组件均已提交给评价者,并且经验证这些组件可以由评价者在评价时使用。例如产品说明提及软件具有文件管理组件、用户管理组件,在实施符合性评价之前,这些组件必须已经可以使用。

 

符合性评价活动

软件测试CNAS实验室 

7.3.1 ---对产品说明符合性评价要求

确定已获取的被评价产品的产品说明与标准5.1中对产品说明的各项要求的符合程度。

产品说明主要是让需方或潜在需方在购买产品之前了解产品以判断产品是否符合其需求,本标准要求产品说明应从产品质量特性进行阐述,因此在评价时应从产品质量特性(功能性、性能效率、兼容性、易用性、可靠性、信息安全性、维护性、可移植性)方面进行评价。

详细测试内容及评价细则见4.2.1 。

软件测试实验室 

7.3.2 ---用户文档集符合性评价要求

确定已获取的被评价产品的用户文档集与标准5.2节中对用户文档集的各项要求的符合程度。本标准要求用户文档在整体上应具备可用性、完备性、正确性、一致性、易理解性,还应描述产品质量特征和使用质量特征。

 

软件符合性评价要求

软件测试CNAS 

7.3.3 ---软件符合性评价要求

根据标准5.3要求,通过从产品质量和使用质量两个维度进行测试来评价软件的符合性。在测试过程中应生成符合本标准第6章要求的测试文档集。

对产品质量的测试应包括功能性、性能效率、兼容性、易用性、可靠性、信息安全性、维护性、可移植性测试;

对使用质量的测试应包括有效性、效率、满意度、抗风险、周境覆盖测试;

对于测试过程中发现的软件缺陷等异常情况,在进行软件符合性评价时只说明异常情况,而不包括修改缺陷的内容。

 

符合性评价过程

软测CNAS实验室 

7.4---符合性评价过程要求

在获得了所需文档以及被评价软件后,可开始进行符合性评价

(1)当供方未提供测试文档时,评价方进行的评价过程如下:

根据本标准7.3中对符合性评价活动要求,对产品说明、用户文档集和软件实施符合性评价,具体内容包括:

对产品说明从可用性、内容、标识和标示、映射、产品质量(包括功能性、性能效率、兼容性、易用性、可靠性、信息安全性、维护性、可移植性)方面进行评价。

对用户文档集从可用性、内容、标识和标示、完备性、正确性、一致性、易理解性、产品质量(包括功能性、性能效率、兼容性、易用性、可靠性、信息安全性、维护性、可移植性)方面进行评价。

对软件进行符合性评价时,首先按照标准5.3节要求对软件从产品质量(包括功能性、性能效率、兼容性、易用性、可靠性、信息安全性、维护性、可移植性)方面进行测试,其次生成符合标准第6章要求的测试文档集。这个过程中只记录软件异常情况。

将评价结果记录在符合性评价报告中,报告内容符合标准7.5节对符合性评价报告的要求。

(2)当供方提供测试文档时,评价过程不包括对被评价软件进行测试并生成测试文档的过程,评价方的评价过程如下:

根据标准7.3.1和7.3.2的要求,对产品说明和用户文档集实施符合性评价,具体内容包括:

对产品说明的内容进行评价。

对用户文档集的内容进行评价。

对测试文档集的内容按照本标准第6章的要求进行评价。

将评价结果记录在符合性评价报告中,报告内容应按照标准的7.5节对符合性评价报告的要求。

 

 

以上就是我们为大家整理的GB/T 25000.51《系统与软件工程系统与软件质量要求和评价(SQuaRE) 第51部分:就绪可用软件产品(RUSP)的质量要求和测试细则》标准中,对符合性评价的细则、符合性评价的先决条件、符合性评价活动、符合性评价过程和软件符合性评价的要求及解读,欢迎交流探讨。