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软件测试实验室如何确保内审是有效的

软件测试实验室的内审是质量管理体系中非常重要的一部分,也是CNAS/CMA资质评审时会重点关注的内容。它可以帮助我们检查质量管理体系在软件测试实验室的日常运行过程中贯彻得是否到位,对不断优化和改进实验室质量管理体系起着至关重要的作用。

 

有时候虽然实验室的内审资料齐全,不符合项和纠正措施也有完整的记录,效果却不尽人意,本文我们一起来看一下在CNAS/CMA软件测试实验室内审的过程中,容易出问题的地方以及应对方法。

 

CNAS/CMA软件测试实验室内审常见具体问题归纳:

 

1、无内审计划

2、无内审记录

3、缺少总体评价

4、缺少部分岗位

5、内审计划无岗位对应要素的信息

6、内审未覆盖检测活动

7、内审未覆盖所有分地点

8、审核部分岗位时缺要素

9、内审未覆盖相关应用说明要素

10、内审员未独立于审核活动

11、实施与文件规定不一致

12、内审程序与其他文件中描述的相矛盾

13、对不符合工作范围识别、管理的责任和权力没有规定

14、对不同严重性不符合的暂停和恢复的职责权限未进行规定

15、未对不符合工作发生后,必要时是否停止该工作进行文件规定

16、缺少对不符合工作的可接受性做出决定的内容

17、没有有效评价不符合工作对检测结果的影响程度,没有对其可接受性做出判断

18、纠正措施中未对可能存在的不符合检测工作进行严重性与可接受性分析

19、纠正措施中未对可能存在的不符合检测工作进行严重性与可接受性分析

20、对内审发现的不符合项的严重性缺少评价记录

21、未查到能体现对不符合工作严重性的评价。

 

CNAS/CMA软件测试实验室内审不够彻底的原因和对策:

 

1、管理层不重视

这也是是实验室内部审核仅表面符合要求,实施效果却有限的根本原因。领导的工作日程安排较为紧凑,无法将内审工作作为核心工作,会导致内审员和受审核方对内审的的态度不够严肃,往往走个过场、敷衍了事。

 

CNAS/CMA软件测试实验室一定要将内审的重要性同步到领导层,仅仅批准审核计划、出席首末次会议和批准内部审核报告远远不够。管理层应深度参与内部审核,引领实验室所有人员严格执行内部审核程序。充分了解实验室现状、所处环境和发展规划,做好内部审核策划,提供必要资源,控制内部审核的关键环节,及时指出审核工作的不足之处,明确改进要求,确保内部审核的客观性、独立性和系统性。

 

 

2、内审员的选择

 

很多实验室认为员工只要在培训机构学习过内审知识,取得内审员证,就具备了内部审核的能力。有了内审员证并不一定代表就一定能够胜任内审的工作,需要重视内审员的能力培养。

 

CNAS/CMA软件测试实验室可从每个检测部门和管理部门选择一定数量具有多年工作经验、熟悉实验室运作、熟悉质量管理体系文件、具备良好语言文字表达能力的人员参加内审员培训班,或由实验室内部具有丰富审核经验的人员对内审员进行审核知识和审核技巧的培训,并且通过切实的理论知识和现场评审技能考核,评价培训效果,确认人员能力足以承担工作才给予正式授权,以确保选用合格的内审员。

 

如果条件允许,实验室可聘请外部专业审核员与自有内审员组成联合审核组,让自有内审员在实际审核过程中向专业审核员学习审核技能,迅速提高审核能力。实验室还可组织内审员申请成为资质认定或实验室认可评审员,支持其参对其他实验室的评审,累积审核经验。每年度内部审核时,实验室应跟踪内审员审核表现,分析内审员能力,调整内审员名单和培养计划,建设一支合格的内审员队伍。

 

3、审核实施不严格

 

审核实施不严格是内部审核发现不全面、不彻底的重要原因。审核组和受审核方的人员在同一个实验室工作,彼此之间较为熟悉。对于应当确定为不符合项的事实却只做改进建议,只是程序上完成审核任务,缺少客观性和公正性,不能有效识别影响实验室运作的不符合。

 

内部审核前,实验室应设法让内审组正确理解不符合工作、消除心理负担,详细准确记录审核发现,真实开具不符合项。内审组组长可召开审核组会议,统一思想认识和交流审核经验,深入审核现场,观察审核过程,检查审核记录,指导和监督审核工作,及时纠正审核不到位之处,确保审核纪律一丝不苟、审核发现全面彻底。必要时,可指派观察员实事求是地监督审核组行为,评价审核组工作态度和综合能力,根据现场审核情况提出意见和建议。

 

4、不符合项整改不认真

不符合项整改不认真导致内部审核前功尽弃,不能及时有效改正质量管理体系的缺陷。不少实验室更在乎纸面上完成整改,分析原因避重就轻,只纠正不符合项的直接原因,没有举一反三的纠正,没有针对根本原因采取纠正措施,极力避免复杂的整改工作。尽管整改资料勉强能够应付资质认定评审和实验室能力认可评审,但是产生不符合项的根本原因却没有消除,不符合项反复出现。

 

在受审核方分析原因、制定纠正措施有困难时,内审员可根据经验提出指导意见。整改期限到期前,内审员应监督受审核方实施措施,检查整改证据,验证措施的有效性,确定整改已到位,方可准许受审核方关闭整改。实验室可建立不符合项清单,每次内部审核、外部审核和外部检查后,若出现类似清单上的不符合项,则对相关责任科室和责任人予以一定的处罚,使不符合项相关责任科室认真对待整改工作,从根本上消除不符合原因。

 

 

内部审核是影响质量管理体系持续有效运行的关键管理活动,实验室只有正确理解内部审核的意义,解决内部审核执行过程中存在的问题,才能有效实施内部审核,不断提升CNAS/CMA软件测试实验室质量管理水平。